You’ve got questions about video surveillance, FJC has answers
What is CCTV?
CCTV (Closed Circuit Television) is a visual surveillance technology designed to monitor a specific environment or activity. The modern CCTV system includes a linked system of cameras with full pan, tilt, and zoom capability which can be operated remotely from a control room. In most applications, a CCTV system usually involves a fixed or dedicated communications link between cameras and monitors. The features and potential usage of CCTV are rapidly expanding. Many systems were originally designed to deter criminal acts such as burglary, assault and car theft, but they are becoming increasingly popular for monitoring “anti-social behavior” as well. From monitoring vandalism and property damage to traffic violations and littering, video surveillance is an ever-watchful “eye in the sky” that is not only responding to and solving on-site problems, but also helping to prevent them before they happen.
Where is CCTV being used?
From gated communities to day care centers, construction sites to airports, major manufacturers to leading retailers, you’ll find CCTV systems being used effectively almost anywhere and everywhere.
Can CCTV be used as a management tool?
Yes, today's video monitoring and playback solutions can serve as an extremely valuable and cost-effective management tool that can be used by a variety of departments and in a number of different ways within businesses, organizations and industry. Some of the more popular applications of CCTV include:
Operations & Facility Management
Loss Prevention Management
Emergency & Accident Management
24/7 Security Management
What are some of the main benefits of a CCTV system?
Helps to create a safer environment for employees and customers
Deters theft, violence and vandalism
Helps to identify offenders
Provides evidence in police matters
Provides 24/7 enhanced security
Allows more efficient use of security staff
Identifies staff training needs for store management
Monitors sales floor activity to assist in inventory management and merchandising
What additional benefits does “digital” CCTV technology offer?
Like the advent of digital television, there are considerable advantages to the next-generation of CCTV. After assessing your individual needs and budgets as well as any future applications, we’ll help determine if the time is right for you to go digital. Here are just a few of the benefits it offers:
Superior image quality
Never stops recording
Faster image search and retrieval
Greater archiving capabilities
Instant playback
Simultaneous playback, record & archive capability
No videotapes needed
Lower maintenance costs than traditional video recorders
More seamless integration into existing network
Do I have to physically be on-site to see what my CCTV system sees?
The images captured by your CCTV system can be recorded and viewed on-site or viewed remotely through the use of telephone lines or the Internet. Remote Management CCTV is an increasingly popular off-site solution. Anytime you want to see what is happening at your location, Remote Management Systems enable you to be in two places at once. You can view all that’s happening live by simply logging securely into your location(s) using a PC, laptop or PDA – anytime, anywhere in the world.
What are the basic components of a CCTV system?
They can vary greatly depending on your unique needs and budget, but most CCTV systems include the following equipment in some way, shape or form:
CCD (Charged Coupled Device) Camera
Available in both monochrome (black and white) and color, cameras can be set in fixed positions or placed on pan-and-tilt devices so they can be moved up, down, left and right to cover every conceivable viewing angle. Using a zoom lens also allows you to move in on areas or subjects for a much closer view.Monitor
Also available in both monochrome and color, CCTV monitors are similar to standard television sets, but do not contain the electronics to pick up regular television. They are expressly designed for one purpose: to provide an excellent view of your designated areas.Time-Lapse Recorder
The industry standard has the ability to record up to one week of video on one tape. The most commonly used timing is the 24-hour mode. Only having to change tapes once a day and retaining large amounts of information are big advantages of this type of recorder.Coax Cable
The main conduit for linking components and transmitting video in a CCTV system, it is virtually identical to the type of cable used by cable companies to transmit television programming.Control Unit
If a CCTV system has more than one camera, there has to be a way to control each video signal transmitted to the VCR and the monitor. There are three basic types of Video Control Units:Switchers that provide full-screen images, one camera after another, typically for 3 to 5 seconds each. When one camera is on screen, the other cameras are not being recorded.
Quads that send up to four cameras both to a screen and recorder simultaneously. Each camera occupies a quarter of the screen. All information from each camera gets recorded but only in small quarter-screen clarity.
Multiplexers which are high-speed switchers that provide full-screen images from up to 16 cameras. Multiplexers are able to playback everything that happened in any one camera without interference from the other cameras on the system.
Addressable Fire Alarm System Devices
The fire alarm control panel (FACP) is the core of the fire alarm system. The FACP acts as the brains of the system, storing information about your business so that the fire department can retrieve it in case of a fire. The FACP also links with all of the system devices that help locate the fire. These components include sensors which detect heat and smoke, sirens and strobe lights that alert people to evacuate, and flow valves that control the sprinkler system. In addition to automatic fire alarm devices, codes require installation of manual pull stations at every exit so people can activate the alarm at the first sign of smoke or fire, and fire extinguishers that feature clear instructions on their label. If required by code, your addressable fire alarm system may also require annunciation systems which notify authorities of the device set off and where it's located. Large venues may be required to have emergency voice alarm communication systems (EVAC) which provide audible evacuation instructions over professional-grade speakers.
Sprinkler Systems & Fire Suppression Systems
A Critical component of an addressable fire alarm system is a sprinkler system. Addressable fire alarm system installers should be trained to readily connect fire alarm systems to your existing sprinklers. Building codes generally require all commercial buildings to have a sprinkler system. Most buildings constructed after 1985 have them. If one is not present or sufficient, prepare for added headaches and expenses - it can take several months and cost hundreds of thousands of dollars in addition to the alarm. Sprinkler systems use water to extinguish flames. Suppression systems are the most effective fire protection in locations where organizations can not risk floods, such as server rooms or paper archive storage areas. Fire suppression systems use inert gases or chemical agents to control smoke and put out fires.
Who Provides Fire Alarm Monitoring?
Equipment in your office will detect fire or smoke, however, the central fire alarm monitoring station plays a critical role in protecting your employees. When your alarm is tripped, the control panel sends your relevant details to the fire alarm monitoring station, who will in turn notify the fire department. The monitoring station has to be dependable and fast-acting. The central station is required to frequently activate and test all of your devices and connected phone lines. They are also required by law to maintain accurate logs of activity and system functionality in case authorities want to review incident details. Small fire alarm companies often license the services of third-party fire alarm monitoring stations, while larger companies usually have their own central stations that can simultaneously watch over thousands of businesses and homes. The independent Underwriter's Laboratories (UL) sets standards for monitoring station equipment and procedures. All central stations must contact authorities within 30 to 60 seconds of the alarm going off. And much like your fire alarm, they must have a reliable backup source, either a second station, or a backup generator with 10-15 days worth of power on reserve. In some cases, you may not need fire alarm monitoring service for your system: certain municipalities require you to connect directly to local fire departments. Getting a fire alarm that meets all local and national requirements starts with a representative of your local authority-having jurisdiction (AHJ), typically the fire marshal. That person will visit your space and tell you what you need to comply with local and national codes, and whether you need a sprinkler system.
Assessing Fire Alarm Needs
The AHJ assures your building meets several codes, including the oft-changing NFPA-72 that sets the standard for commercial fire alarm installation, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) that ensures people with disabilities have clear access to warning devices, and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) rules on employee well being. These codes can be loose or restrictive based on municipality, but you can't get approval for a fire alarm until it meets all the applicable rules and regulations. An experienced system installer like FJC Technology Solutions has the knowledge required to ensure compliance with these codes throughout the Greater New York Metro area. Major things the AHJ and a quality alarm system provider will assess at your facility to determine the appropriate fire alarm system setup includes: Overall size - Fire alarm devices are approved to cover a certain amount of square footage - the larger your space, the more devices you'll need. Exit routes - Each exit door and stairwell must be equipped with a manual pull station and be clearly illuminated so people can spot them during an emergency. Building specifics - What sorts of materials were used in construction of the facility (brick, steel, etc.)? What floor are you on? Where are you located? The AHJ may set specific guidelines based on your building makeup. Occupancy requirements - Locations that regularly hold large numbers of people may need more signaling devices. Materials handling - If your business handles flammable materials, you'll need additional safeguards in place, as well as specific employee training. Employee seating - Employees must be located as close as possible to the nearest pull stations. Fire suppression equipment - Having fire extinguishers or sand buckets on hand can help control a fire until help arrives. Just make sure to train employees to use them properly. Team leaders - Your HR department should help find a CPR-certified staffer who can arrange regular fire drills and ensure everybody evacuates safely Organizations must adhere to the AHJ's recommendation for a compliant system, even if it costs more than expected. Can fire alarms be integrated with other protection systems? Most municipalities require fire alarms to be separate from other security devices such as monitored burglar alarms or video surveillance systems. This requires you to set up a separate phone line that will only connect to your fire alarm. Typically, the primary connection is a standard phone line, while a cellular or voice over IP (VoIP) line serves as the backup. Some localities allow fire alarms to be integrated as part of a larger system if they override all other devices. An example would be a system which overrides door locks on an Access control system in case of a fire alarm.
Selecting A Fire Alarm Dealer/Service Provider
A fire alarm dealer should be selected who will perform a site survey and develop blueprints based on his findings and the authorized jurisdiction's representative's information. The authority having jurisdiction will review the blueprints and either sign off on them or note what changes need to be made. This assumes only the minimum standard for your municipality. Organizations are free to add other components to a system. An organization may enlist the aid of the fire alarm dealer and the AHJ to help create a detailed evacuation plan and company fire protection document. These documents detail the evacuation procedures for a fire emergency, how to help elderly and disabled people out of the building, which equipment to shut off before evacuating, and the appropriate safety location to gather at. If you currently have a monitored alarm system and are happy with the service, contact them and ask if they are licensed to install commercial fire alarms. These dealers will already be familiar with your business so they can begin making suggestions and start working right away. Reputable alarm companies will always visit your site in person or review an official blueprint to determine the best system for you. Free onsite evaluations are offered by FJC Technology Solutions to determine the best compliant system for an organization. Regardless of the size of the company, the smoke alarm dealer you work with must be certified by NICET http://www.nicet.org National Institute for Certification of Engineering Technologies) which indicates that they fulfill strict requirements for safety and installation. They should also be fully licensed to install fire alarm systems in your region and provide all-inclusive services that include site assessment, installation, wiring, and monitoring service. In addition to the direct attention you need while making the purchase; it should be easy to contact the dealer if there's a problem. Do they offer 24 x 7 x 365 customer service? Do they handle the central monitoring in-house, or use a third party provider? Can you always reach a live service provider on the phone? Are repair technicians readily available? How often do they inspect and test the system to ensure functionality? Finally, get and check references from each dealer.
If you want to protect your business from burglary, vandalism, and other types of crime, installing a monitored commercial alarm system is one of the most reliable ways to do so. Choosing the best security system provider can be a daunting task. While organizations generally have some idea of their security needs, the specific components required for adequately protecting property, plant, equipment and personnel are not always known. Assessing your needs will narrow your search. Do you need an elaborate system of motion sensors, glass break detectors, hold-up buttons and screen alarms? Or do you need a relatively simple system limited to door and window contacts? For sophisticated systems, choose a company that specializes in sophisticated alarm equipment. Therefore, it is important to choose a company which can assess these needs and provide the optimal system for any organization. This will likely include integrated security and safety systems consisting of a security alarm system, a separate fire alarm system, access control systems and CCTV monitoring systems. While all of these components may not be needed, a security system designer and installer with access to all of these technologies is best equipped to serve an organizations' needs. What options should be considered in terms of security and fire alarm systems?
Security alarm systems work by activating a series of sensors, detectors, and sirens when a secured area is breached. Much more sophisticated and effective than ordinary burglar alarms, a monitored system will not only sound auditory alarms, but also send alert local police authorities to attend the scene of the break-in. When used in combination with a CCTV surveillance system, monitored alarms can be a near-foolproof method of deterring crime and identifying criminals. If you install a monitored system, make sure the company has procedures in place to update contact information immediately. Ask about the methods used for alarm verification; the more methods, the better, to prevent false dispatches. Your company should be available for after-hours repairs.
In a system without monitoring a security breach would trigger an audio alarm to denote the triggering event. Systems may also be set up to notify predetermined people of an event through a phone call, email or text message. An event log is normally recorded by modern security systems as well.
Common Security Alarm Systems Features
Determining which features your system requires is crucial. Be sure to have a security system dealer perform an on-site evaluation to determine your needs. FJC Technology Solutions is a full service systems dealer which offers free on-site evaluations. Here are the common security alarm system features available:
Control panels – The "brains" of your security alarm system, the control panel monitors the keypads, access points, sensors and detectors of your system and triggers alarm events where appropriate. For monitored systems, the control panel connects to a standard phone line to alert the central monitoring station of an intrusion.
Security keypads – Located outside entrances, employees enter a special code into the keypads to enter and exit the office, and can communicate directly with the monitoring station if they detect theft or vandalism. In integrated systems, keypads can be integrated with or replaced by other access control technologies.
Motion detectors – When the infrared energy levels change in an area, these devices will trip the alarm. Other types of detectors are also used, from microwave, to subsonic or photoelectric methods, although infrared is the most common technology. Sensitivity levels, and specific zones and times for motion coverage can be set on some systems.
Window and door contacts – Magnetic equipment placed along window frames and door jams that automatically sets the alarm when opened. Pressure switches can also be used to monitor contacts. When using access control systems, electronic locks often have monitoring and alarm systems included, which can tie into security systems.
Glassbreak sensors – If an intruder breaks a window, the shock waves from the shattered glass activates the security alarm system. These can sound triggered or vibration triggered sensors. Sound based triggers are often more prone to false alarms.
Audible sirens and visible strobes – Loud horn speakers are triggered, to go off in and out of the building. Bright strobe lights may also be triggered to alert authorities to the location of the building from afar.
Backup systems – Redundant connections through a cellular or radio backup system are necessary to ensure your alarm is always up and running, even during a power outage.
Schedule monitoring – Access Detection notifications note who last opened and closed your office and when someone is on premises after hours. With schedule monitoring, the central station can also let you know if someone forgot to activate the system.
In addition, dealers can also connect your monitored security alarm systems with your existing access control system or CCTV setup. However, certain devices such as fire alarms must comply with multiple local and national codes and guidelines, and require a specially designed system that’s separate from your security alarm. Maintaining a code compliant fire alarm system with the same company provides simplicity for the organization, comprehensive monitoring capabilities and an assurance that all systems will work smoothly together. This also allows for regular maintenance of all systems with only one service call, providing economies of scale.
When choosing an alarm system for your office or retail premises, it’s a good idea to compare offers three or four different providers, taking into consideration price, features, response time, and technical support. Before making a final decision, or signing a service contract, it’s also a good idea to ask your provider of choice for a few references from satisfied customers. Get these people on the phone for a quick conversation about their experience with the alarm vendor, including functionality and customer support. Also be sure to ask them if there were any unexpected surprises after signing up. Make sure your company has proper licenses and permits, and is insured. Find out what type of service they provide after installation. You should expect yearly inspections, battery replacement, and customer service around the clock. You should also receive thorough training in the use of your alarm system, no matter how basic the system, at installation. Ask your company about the industry standards they follow, both in equipment and in installation. There are industry websites that will help you learn more about alarm standards.
What is CCTV? Closed-circuit television is defined as "the use of video cameras to transmit a signal to a specific place, on a limited set of monitors." This differs from broadcast television in a number of aspects. First, the signal is proprietary, or not openly transmitted. Wireless technologies have created some degree of broadcasting signals in CCTV; however these are transmitted through wireless receiver links which require appropriate equipment to receive and view the transmissions. CCTV is largely used for surveillance purposes by private businesses, public facilities, non-law enforcement governmental entities, law enforcement and private individuals. Closed Circuit systems are also used in production capacities for quality control and observation of processes in which direct human contact poses serious risk of harm, like chemical processing. Equipment can vary greatly between these markets and applications. Analog video is common and offers lower costs, while the newer digital technologies offer advantages in quality and capabilities. Technologies also differ in terms of monitoring and recording, from full-screen single camera viewing and recording, where only one camera in a network may be viewed or recorded at a given time (Switchers), to four camera viewing and recording (Quads), to systems handling 16 cameras per unit (Multiplexers), with capacity to view and record all cameras simultaneously. Technologies also vary greatly in terms of video quality from low-resolution black and white video to high-resolution color video and low-light or extreme low-light cameras.
What type of CCTV system is best for your needs? What needs will a CCTV system fill for your organization? Is external security the main consideration, is it monitoring internal organization members to ensure work quality and honesty, or is the goal an altogether different one? Examples of additional goals to be met could include airports use of CCTV for security, traffic analysis, gate scheduling, luggage handling, and crowd control; shipping and receiving facilities use CCTV to monitor loading docks and warehouses for incoming and outgoing shipments as well as security. Other facilities use CCTV as a means of keeping track of entries and exits at buildings or for specific areas. This can be done for security purposes and simply for tracking purposes. Other organizations will install systems in dangerous or troubling areas in order to lesson liability issues or insurance costs. State and Federal DOT's and Highway departments are using CCTV for traffic monitoring and accident reporting and response. Rail systems utilize CCTV for safety monitoring to ensure clear tracks, passengers being clear of doors before closing and security. Law enforcement agencies use CCTV for monitoring jails and prisons as well as operational centers. They are also increasing use of remote CCTV cameras for recording traffic violations and automated fines. The potential uses for modern closed circuit systems are limited by surveillance laws and privacy issues, but there are many opportunities not listed here. Based upon the intended use(s), the locations of equipment and degree of visibility desired, the system design and components can vary greatly. For a small business or private residence, systems may be simple, covering main entrance/exit points and secure areas like safes, but can be more complex as desired. For larger organizations Digital Video Recorder (DVR) systems offering numerous camera mounts, mobile cameras, wireless systems and multiple record and view stations are available. These systems can also be offered with or without monitoring services. In complex systems, the video surveillance is often combined with alarm systems and access control systems for additional security. Full line security technology companies, such as FJC are well equipped to design and offer complete security systems to meet the specific needs of any client.
Research is not clear cut on the deterrent effects of CCTV . Findings have shown decreases in certain kinds of crime when CCTV systems were installed. Specifically tying fluctuations in criminal activities to one cause is difficult as seasonal changes, improved lighting and additional law enforcement/community action programs could affect results as well. Studies have shown a migration effect in criminal activities when CCTV systems were installed, moving criminal actions from those locations to areas outside of the monitoring area. For specific locations and businesses, this can provide good incentive for installing CCTV. How obvious the cameras should be? If criminals are unaware of recording devices, there is no deterrent effect, however too much visibility allows a determined criminal to circumvent or disable systems. Both issues must be considered and a balanced approach taken to ensure the optimal mix of deterrence and security. Once again, experienced security and CCTV dealers are essential to planning for these issues. Such planning can include vandal resistant housings, camera placements, hidden cameras, adjustable versus fixed view cameras, regular versus low light or night-vision technologies, etc. Studies have shown that people "feel" more secure when CCTV surveillance is in place. This increased comfort level may be a boost for business if a facility is located in a high crime or perceived high crime area. Just as the prevailing research suggests that CCTV may be helpful in reducing crime along with other factors, it is important to evaluate the full security situation for a locale, and not to rely solely on CCTV systems for security.
Other considerations are crucial to implementation as well. First, privacy and surveillance laws may differ drastically from one locale to another. Be sure that your set-up will be in compliance with both Federal and local laws. A trained FJC security system expert can ensure that these codes are followed. Notification of surveillance is another legal issue to comply with. This is important to ensure the usability of any evidence obtained through surveillance systems, to ensure legally protected privacy rights and to provide for the deterrent factor of known surveillance. Storage of recordings can also be a large consideration in system design. How long will recordings be kept, what media (tapes, DVD, Hard Disk, offsite, etc.), and how to record (continuous recording, motion triggered recording, time-lapse, etc.). Depending on these considerations, different space and storage requirements will be required, which could be a limiting factor. Fortunately, integrated systems have made the size of equipment and the varied configurations much smaller and easier to place. The advent of IP or internet protocol CCTV systems also makes systems easier to use and design, as cameras can be viewed remotely from any computer with internet access, rather than fixed viewing stations. Be sure to discuss all relevant issues and options with your CCTV/Security System dealer.
What are the benefits of using FJC Technology Solutions for CCTV System design and installation? FJC Technology Solutions specializes in security systems installation, design and maintenance. They feature world class CCTV, Access Control, and Intercom Systems as well as Burglar and Fire Alarms. FJC Technology Solutions offers the latest, most reliable and comprehensive security systems tailored to clients' individual needs and budget. FJC is licensed, bonded and insured with offices conveniently located throughout the Tri-State area, New York City and Nassau and Suffolk Counties. FJC Technology Solutions maintains a successful performance record with clients in a wide range of industries that range from commercial & residential properties, airports, financial institutions, schools, and government agencies to local independent businesses. Experienced and dedicated staff members work with customers around the clock to ensure that systems deliver optimum protection. This varied experience, coupled with extensive equipment and system knowledge make FJC an excellent source for CCTV information and products. Free onsite evaluations are offered to determine the needs of clients and how to best meet them. Contact a Full Service Security System provider, like FJC Technology Solutions to be sure that your system is compliant with all legal requirements and all of your internal needs.